《TOEFL677揭秘》听力题型与考点
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长演讲(ETS称之为talk，我们不妨称之为lecture更符合实际情况和理解)(共三篇，一篇是有关生活的，一篇是有关上课的内容，另一篇是课外内容)。
听力策略小结
1.在快速浏览时获取信息。尽管听力考察的是你的听的能力，但同时也是对你阅读能力的一种考验。对很多考生来说，最大的问题是时间不够，你必须很快的读，因为每题中间的间隔只有12秒。所以，不要仔细读选项句子，而应该快速浏览，寻找并记住关键词。也就是说，要纵向的看选项而不是横向的看。而当你看的时候，注意下面的信息：
a)注意重复的词语，这些词通常会给你一些线索，还会帮你回忆起你在题目中听过的人名和事物名称。
b)注意各个选项中的主要区别。你可能会看到一些不同的名字或地点或不同的动词，这些不同之处将会帮你确定这道题中哪些是你要听的关键，即关键词。
2.排除明显错误的选项。及时排除明显错误的选项，将有助于你提高正确率。
3.把握做题的节奏。做题的节奏在听力中比在其他部分中要重要的多，在你平时练习的时候，你可能会停下磁带等自己选出正确的答案，千万不要这样做。因为你在真正考试的时候无法让磁带根据你自己的意愿停下来，所以在你平时练习的时候也不要这么做。练习的时候选一个较少受打扰的地方，并一次做完一套题(50题)。
4.反复的练习。托福考试和其他很多考试一样，需要知识和技巧。有些人有足够的知识，但是得了低分。这是他们的患得患失引起的焦虑。而另外一些人则需要更多的词汇和语法知识来提高他们的分数。知识和考试技巧都能够在反复的练习中得到很大的提高而且反复的练习能够帮助你消除部分的焦虑。如果你对托福考试的规则有较多的了解，你会在考试中表现得更加轻松。
Part C: 演讲
Part C:演讲(Talks)
考试当天你将会碰到如下的答题提示：
Directions: In this part of the test you will hear several talks. After each talk, you will hear some questions. The talks and questions will not be repeated. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
考点及题型
复述题；暗示推理题；续前续后题。1999年1月Part C考题(第43-46题)
TALK IN A GEOGRAPITY CLASS
The Old Canada Road is a long lost trail between the Canadian province of Quebec and Maine in the northeast corner of the United States. Yes it really was lost and finding it again was a complex process that involved state of our technology: how the location of the roads was pinpointed was very interesting. And I'll return to it as soon as I gave you a little background information. The road was begun in 1817, a few years before Maine even became a state. At the time Quebec was a major market for livestock, crops and fish. So a road to Quebec was seen by officials in Maine as necessary for trade. For about 20 years the movement of people and goods was mostly from Maine to Quebec, and then the trend reversed as thousands of Canadians immigrated to Maine to escape poor crops, the lack of jobs and the threat of disease. I think it was a color epidemic. Besides its negative reasons major building projects in Maine also made the state very attractive for the Canadians who needed work. I should stress though that immigration during that period went in both directions. In fact the flow of people and goods went completely unhindered. There wasn't even a border post until around 1850. The people of the time saw Maine and Quebec as single region mainly because of the strong French influence which is still evident in Maine today. Eventually the road fellsintosdisuse as a major railway was completed. Finally people simply forgot about it and that's how it came to be lost. This brings me back to the original topic.
复述题
例题：What does the speaker say about the road between Main and Quebec?
(A) It was built by the Canadians.
(B) It was built to facilitate trade.
(C) The path for the road was extremely difficult to clear.
(D) Hostilities between Canada and the United States caused construction delays.
答案是B。
演讲中题到了road是为了trade，即“So a road to Quebec was seen by officials in Maine as necessary for trade”。
例题：What is one reason Canadians began to immigrate to Maine during the 1800s?
(A) Maine was less influenced by the French government.
(B) Maine had better employment opportunities.
(C) Maine was politically stable.
(D) Marine had a better climate.?答案是B。
对话中提到了许多原因，如“to escape poor crops”，“the lack of jobs and the threat of disease”，以及“color epidemic”和“major building projects”。选项B是其中的一个，只是the lack of jobs变成employment opportunities而已。
暗示推理题
例题：What can be inferred about the region including Maine and Quebec during the early 1800s?
(A) The area was economically unified.
(B) The authorities were unable to enforce law and order.
(C) The two governments fought for control of the area.
(D) Most of the people living there spoke only French.
答案是A。
这道题比较难，因为选项都不是原句的简单改写或者复述，你可以从短语“infer about”得到提示它是一道暗示推理题。有了这种思想准备之后，即使你一时没找到答案也不会太灰心。但是题总是要答的，甚至用猜。原对话中的句字“At the time Quebec was a major market for livestock, crops and fish. So a road to Quebec was seen by officials in Maine as necessary for trade”说明，A是正确答案。看来，暗示推理题并不好做。然而，有幸的是，暗示推理题的正确选项与其它3个选项有较大的区别。那就是选项中很少或者根本不用原话，或者原词。就像这一题，选项A中只有一个词重复原文，即area这个很不重要的词。
续前续后题
例题：What subject is the speaker most likely to discuss next?
(A) The latest practices of accurate mapmaking.
(B) The impact of epidemics on mass migration.
(C) The advantages of establishing international trade agreements.
(D) The technology used to locate the Old Canada Road.
答案是D。
原文的开头和结尾都提到了选项D的内容：开头——“finding it again was a complex process that involved state of our technology: how the location of the roads was pinpointed was very interesting. And I'll return to it as soon as I gave you a little background information.”与结尾——“that's how it came to be lost. This brings me back to the original topic.”
Part B: 长对
Part B:长对话(Longer Conversations)
考试当天你将会碰到如下的答题提示：
Directions: In this part of the test you will hear longer conversations. After each conversation you will hear several questions. The conversations and questions will not be repeated.After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.Remember, you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test book.
策略
逆向搜索法不太适合较长的对话和段落题,因为每个段落的后面接下来有3至4个问题.充分利用Direction旁白时间,尽量事先浏览一下答案的选项,对这篇文章中会用到的一些词汇有个提前的熟悉。
策略1
(针对听力能力较差的考生)当磁带在放的时候,闭上你的眼睛全神贯注于对话的主题(中心思想),不必担心你没有每个词都听懂,尽量去理解这个对话是关于什么的,说话的人是谁,然后根据你对文章大意的把握答题。
策略2
(针对听力能力较高的考生)当磁带在放的时候,听对话或演讲的大意,同时留意细节.注意特别的人，物，地点和事件.同样要想说话的人是谁,他们的关系是什么.因为后面出题时经常用原字或者原词(一般不会用不同的词，即同义词复述).这一部分的难度很大程度上来自记住所有的细节，因为考试时规定你不能做记号。所以当你练习的时候要注意训练这种能力。(当然你要是写一点记号也是可以的,做完题后擦掉就行了。)
考点及题型
中心思想题/场景题；复述题；暗示推理题。
1999年1月Part B考题(第31-34题)
PART OF A TELEPHONE INTERVIEW
* Dr. Thomas? This is Keet Bradley from the daily news. I'd like to ask you some questions about the new official standard weight that you purchased.
* First of all, how was the standard weight used?
* Well, the people in our department use it to check the scales all over the country. The department of weights and measures, we are a government agency. It's our responsibility to see that all the scales measure a kilogram accurately so this is the way we use to adjust the scales.
* How did you check the scales before?
* We have an old standard weight that we used to use. It had to be replaced because it was imprecise. You see it was made of poor quality metal that was too porous. It absorbed too much moisture.
* Oh. So when the weather was humid it weighed more and when it was dry it weighed less.
* Exactly. And that variation can affect the standards of the whole country. So our department had the new weight made out of higher quality metal.
* How much did it cost?
* About 45 thousand dollars.
* 45,000 dollars? For one kilogram weight? That's more expensive than gold. Is it really worth that much?
* I'm sure it is. Industries depend on our government agency to monitor the accuracy of scales so that when they buy and sell their products there is one standard. Think of the drug industry, for example, those companies rely on high accuracy scales to manufacture and package medicine.
中心思想题/场景题
例题：
What is the conversation mainly about?
(A) How to care for precious metals.
(B) A standard unit for measuring weight.
(C) The value of precious metals.
(D) Using the metric system.
答案是B。显然这是一道中心思想题。在托福的听力中，中心思想题又叫场景题。因为一旦你能确定对话或者演讲的中心内容，你也就确定了该对话或演讲的场景；反之亦然。首先，Daily news的职员(记者)电话采访Dr Thomas。即使你的听力不是很好，你也能听到首音节重读的单词standard。接着，又出现了许多与尺度有关的词，如weight，measure，scale。所以，我们可以肯定他们在谈关于选项B中的“衡量重量的标准单位”。
复述题
例题：How was the weight used?
(A) To check the accuracy of scales.
(B) To calculate the density of other metals.
(C) To observe changes in the atmosphere.
(D) To measure amounts of rainfall.?
答案是A。复述题只是对对话中原句用同义词的改写甚至就用原句照搬到选项中。在这一题中，即使你不知道the weight到底是什么东西，你也可以猜测它应该指代the standard weight(标准称)。对话中曾经出现了check the scale，而文章的倒数第二句“Industries depend on our government agency to monitor the accuracy of scales so that when they buy and sell their products there is one standard.”也说明了the weight的用途。
例题：Why was it necessary to replace the old standard weight?
(A) Someone spilled water on it.
(B) Someone lost it.
(C) It was made of low quality metal.
(D) The standard for measuring had changed.?答案是C。
对话中出现了poor quality metal这样的词句，而在谈到new standard weight时又用higher quality。显然，old standard weight不是poor quality metal就是not higher quality，两者都可以，因为得出的关于old standard weight的结论都是一样的，即“低质量”。
暗示推理题
例题：What does Dr. Thomas probably think about the cost of the new weight?
(A) It is a small amount to pay for so much precious metal.
(B) It is difficult to judge the value of such an object.
(C) It is reasonable for an object with such an important function.
(D) It is too high for such a light weight.
答案是C。这里，问题问Dr. Thomas可能怎样看待new weight的成本。对话中，Dr. Thomas并没有直接说the cost is good or bad。但我们却可以通过前后两句推出它认为“it is worthwhile”，即一问一答“Is it really worth that much?”“I'm sure it is.”。
Part A：短对
Part A：短对话(Short Conversation)
考试当天你将会碰到如下的答题提示：
Directions:In Part A, you will hear short conversations between two people. After each conversation, you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations and questions will not be repeated. After hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
1.基本策略
你所听到的directions叫你先听问题再读选项然后决定选那个选项。对有些人来说这没有问题，但大部分人发现先读选项对做题很有用。这一技巧我们称之为逆向搜索法。下面是逆向搜索法的具体步骤：
①打开磁带听Direction，在这一时间里，考试中心不让你看选项。
②当Direction叫你turn the page时，快速看题目的四个选项。你可能只有1至2秒的时间，但尽量看那些在4个选项中重复出现的词，诸如名字，地点等等。这将在你听到这些词的时候对你有所帮助.你甚至可能通过这些反复出现的名词和动词猜出对话的主题。
③当对话开始的时候，立即停止看题，集中精神听题。
④当问题问完以后，再读一边四个选项，选出你的答案。如果你无法马上做出答案，尽量排除一些选项，然后从剩下的选项中选一个。
⑤快速仔细的涂答题纸。马上回到第2步，看下一题的四个选项。
逆向搜索法的好处：
①你能得到关于对话内容的线索。
②你能运用你的阅读能力和归纳能力来加强你的听力能力。
③当你猜到一道题目的主题的时候，你会少一些紧张和焦虑，这将帮助你关注你所需要听到的信息。
2.考点
在这一部分，你将首先听到两个人的对话，然后是一个问题，问题通常是关于第2个说话人的comment的。下面是这一部分常考的考点。有时一道题中有不止一个的考点。词汇纯粹的单词量测试，但通常不是难词(大学四级或以下单词)。比如题干中听到形容词terrific，那么包含terrific的同义词excellent或者very good的选项就是正确答案。也就是说，不仅要认识关键词也要知道它常用的同义词。不过，这种题大多比较容易。因为这些词汇都很常见。
1999年1月听力题
W: Why are you leaving so early? The movie doesn't start till seven.
M: I don't want to be at the traffic there. It's a nightmare on the expressway during rush hour.
Q: What does the man mean?
(A) He wants to go early to avoid a traffic jam.
(B) He wants to leave the theater before the movie is over.
(C) He doesn't know the way to the theater.
(D) He doesn't usually get up at 7:00.
答案是A。这里整个对话都在讲时间问题，关键词是traffic(交通)。其实，即使你不认识或者不十分确定它的意思，你也可以通过don't want to和avoid之间的同义转换选出正确的答案。
1999年1月听力题
W:If George misses one more meeting we are going to have to find one new committee secretary.M:We'd better give him an ultimatum.
Q: What does the man suggest they do?
(A) Remove George from the committee immediately.
(B) Warn George that his attendance problem is serious.
(C) Offer to help George during the meeting.(D) Telephone George to see if he's coming to the meeting.?
答案是B。
如果你认识并听懂ultimatum是“最后通牒”的意思的话，你轻而易举就能选出它的同义转换warn sb about sth(警告)。而第一句同样说明了George是个不太称职的secretary，但却用are going to将来时说明并非要remove George form the committee immediately。
(2)习语和短语
习语和短语，指的是惯用词组或者常见的口语化表达。它在托福听力中经常出现，而且比较难。原因仍然是我们平时很少练习听力。而且口语化的表达也使一贯重视语法的中国式英语教育暴露出明显的缺点。但是，你却可以通过我们后面给你总结的托福听力词句精选快速地掌握这些常见的口语化表达和惯用词组。经常出现的词组比如对话中说: Kathy's effort really paid off。那么选项中出现的Kathy's hard work had a positive result就是正确答案。这里考的是paid off这个短语的含义。
1999年1月听力题
M: Did you see the diamond ring Bill gave to Linda?
W:I sure did. It must have cost him an arm and a leg.
Q: What does the woman imply about the ring.
(A) Linda didn't like it.
(B) Bill lost it.
(C) It was very expensive.
(D) It was very small.?
答案是C。同cost a fortune的意思一样，cost one an arm and a leg都是形容很贵。1999年1月听力题
M:Did you watch that comedy special on TV last night? I don't think I ever laughed so hard.
W:Don't even talk to me about it. The only night I really wanted to watch something and we had a power failure in my building.
Q: What does the woman mean?
(A) She's upset that she missed the television program.
(B) She doesn't think the television program was funny.
(C) She doesn't like talking about television programs.
(D) She watched the television program at a friend's house.?答案是A。这里，重要的是认识并听懂power failure是停电的意思。
(3)虚拟语气
比如，对话中出现了If I had known....I would have，答案应该是didn't do something。这个题型的变化很小，考来考去就是一点虚拟语气。
1999年1月听力题
W: Hey, Larry. Wanna meet a few of us for coffee in a little while?
M:Hmm. I would if I weren't so far behind in this reading I'm doing for history.
Q: What will the man probably do?
(A) Continue to read.
(B) Meet the woman at the library.
(C) Make some coffee.
(D) Go out with some friends.?
双重否定之下，只有A是正确答案。
1999年1月听力题
W:The museum exhibit that our professor recommended just closed. Last day yesterday.
M: Oh. I was really looking forward to seeing it.
Q: What does the man mean?
(A) He is pleased the exhibit has closed.
(B) He has already seen the exhibit.
(C) He is disappointed the exhibit has closed.
(D) He already knew the exhibit had closed.?答案是C。
同样，过去式的助动词was揭示了这是个虚拟语气。
(4)顺序问题
所谓动词顺序，指的就是动作的前后关系或者过去，将来等时间段已经发生或者可能发生的动作。这里，要注意诸如no sooner than, hardly.... when，at first，in the morning等表示时间的短语，因为它们揭示了动作的前后关系。
1999年1月听力题
M: Can I get a ridesintosthe office with you tomorrow?
W: Another day would be fine. But I got to be downtown for a meeting first thing in the morning.
Q: What does the woman imply?
(A) She'll drop the man off on the way to work.
(B) The man can ride downtown with her.
(C) The man will have to leave earlier than usual.
(D) She can't give the man a ride.?答案是D。
这里，序数词first thing和动作got to be downtown说明了另外动作发生的不可能性，即“我不能带你”。
1999年1月听力题
W: I hope you like the novel I lent you. I wasn't sure whether it was the kind of book you would be interested in.
M:You know, I had the same doubt at first. But once I started I simply couldn't put it down.
Q: What does the man mean?
(A) He doubts the woman will like the novel.
(B) He hasn't started reading the novel yet.
(C) He enjoyed reading the novel.
(D) He'll lend the woman the novel after he has read it.?答案是C。
这里，过去完成时had the same doubt和过去式started，以及表示时间的词(短语)at first和once揭示了已经做过的动作，即阅读过这本小说
(5)比较
对于比较问题，你听对话时耳朵应该对诸如better....than等比较级敏感一点，当然还有than这个词。
1999年1月听力题
W: My brother is coming this weekend and I thought three of us could go out to dinner Saturday night. Any suggestions?
M: It's up to you. I don't know the restaurants around here that well. So you know a better place to go than me.
Q: What does the man mean?
(A) He already has plans for Saturday night.
(B) The woman should decideswheresto cat Saturday.
(C) The woman should ask her brother for a suggestion.
(D) He will make a reservation at the restaurant.?答案是B。
这里，第二个人最后用比较级结束了这个对话，可谓“推卸”可能出现的饭不好吃的责任。“你比我清楚哪儿更好”，其实就等于“你自己找地方吧！”。1
1999年1月听力题
W: Well, if you are seriously considering buying a car, I'm trying to get rid of mine. All it needs is some new paint.
M:Thanks. But most used cars end up being more trouble than they are worth.
Q: What will the man probably do?
(A) Buy a car from the woman.
(B) Help the woman paint her car.
(C) Buy a new car.
(D) Look for a less expensive car.?答案是C。
这里，第一个人说“如果你考虑买车的话，我的可以卖给你”。第二个人用了一个“thanks”礼貌地回绝了，并用比较级more trouble说明了不卖他的车的理由，当然第二个人希望买辆新车。否则就不好意思了。
(6)语气
语气题，在听力的短对话中出现得最多，也比较难。比如如题目中A说: They don't know the news yet. B说:They don't?就这么多.这时题目问what does B imply?答案是:He is surprised that they don't know the news.对付这类题目最好的办法就是多练些题目，同时体会说话的语调，来判断是肯定语气还是否定语气。
1999年1月听力题
M：Have heard the news? The manager posted this month's work schedule.
W：She did? Where?
Q: What does the woman ask?
(A)swheresthe manager is.
(B)swheresshe will be working this month.
(C)swheresshe can find the work schedule.
(D)swheresthe man heard the news.?答案是C。
第二个人的第二个问“where?”已经肯定了“she did posted this month's work schedule”。只是不清楚“where she posted this month's work schedule”，而不是选项D中的“where the man heard the news”。
(7)相似发音
一些音近的词,如题目中有remember一词,答案中的干扰选项中有number, member这两个词,听起来有点像。如果听的时候不是很仔细,就容易出错。对付这类题目的方法是熟悉出题的思路,如你知道音近是托付出题的一个考点,那就在心里有根弦,这样陷阱倒反成了很明显的标志,然后知道这类题目通常的答案是用一个短语来解释一个词如上面讲的这道题,答案选一个包含有.not forget.短语的选项,而那些含有音近词的选项都是错的。请看下面一道例题：
M: That's an awfully heavy sweater for a day like today.
W: Well, I'm going to be at a lecture in the auditorium most of this morning. And you know what the air conditioning is like in there.
Q: What does the man imply?
(A) No one will be able to see what he is wearing.
(B) It is cool in the lecture hall.
(C) He expects the weather to change later in the day.
(D) The weather is heavily polluted today.?答案是A。选项C和D都出现了与sweater音近的词weather。其中选项D更容易让考生混淆，因为它里面含有heavily和today与对话中的第一句很像。
(8)地点(场景)
地点，考一些常见的动作的发生的地点，这个又叫场景题，主要是看对各个场景的熟练程度。
W: I need the receipt for the book insgroupsto exchange it.
M: All right. Here you are.
Q:swheresdoes the conversation most likely take place?
(A) In a bookstore
(B) In an apartment
(C) In a classroom
(D) In a library?答案是A。
这里，第一个人的话有两个词，receipt(收据)和exchange说明了他们应该在商店里。名词book也证实了这个答案。
听力对话的内容和场景预览
Part A：两个人的短对话(一男一女)(共30个对话)对象：两个同学之间，两个朋友之间，老师与学生，医生与学生，商店的售货员与学生之间。
内容：日常生活中的事，某科目或考试的内容。
Part B：两个人的长对话(一男一女)(共2个对话，其中一段对话是生活中的事，另一对话是关于课上的事)对象：两个同学之间，两个朋友之间，老师与学生，医生与学生，campus news的记者与老师的对话或讨论。内容：生活上的事，课堂上的内容。
Part C：长演讲(ETS称之为talk，我们不妨称之为lecture更符合实际情况和理解)(共三篇，一篇是有关生活的，一篇是有关上课的内容，另一篇是课外内容)
课堂篇：大部分为老师在课堂上讲课，内容很广，如历史老师在讲美国南北战争，考古学教授在谈恐龙和鸟的亲缘关系，文学课上老师谈到马克吐温的作品，某种新的燃料如何比gas，oil好等等。
课外篇：学生的presentation， health care center的职员(employee)宣布注意卫生或其他有关身体方面的注意事项，international students office的advisor，和在博物馆(museum)导游或带队老师的介绍博物馆情况。
生活篇：还有的老师甚至在说如何写论文，课程要求，和在presentation中如何用声音，音调，停顿来attract attention。
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